生物炭施用对冻结期退化黑土水热盐动态变化的影响
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魏志淼(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事黑土保育与农业废弃物资源化利用研究。E-mail:weizhimiao2000@163.com

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S278

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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500801);东北农业大学"青年领军人才"支持计划项目(NEAU2023QNLJ-016)


Effects of Biochar Application on the Dynamic of Soil Moisture-Temperature-Salt in Degraded Mollisols During Freezing Period
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    摘要:

    [目的] 生物炭施用可改变土壤理化性状,研究不同生物炭施用方式对土壤水、热及电导率(EC)分布的影响,可为季节性冻土科学管理提供依据。[方法] 利用田间定位试验,通过长期观测,研究东北黑土区不同生物炭施用方式对冻结期的土壤液态水含量、温度及EC的影响差异。生物炭施用方式包括一次性生物炭混施40 t/hm2(HO)、生物炭底施40 t/hm2(HE),空白为0 t/hm2(CK)。[结果] 2种生物炭施用方式均增加冻结期土壤平均液态水含量(p<0.05),表现为HO>HE>CK;整个试验周期内生物炭施用均显著增加土壤EC,且HO和HE处理土壤平均EC分别比CK增加17.73%,6.89%;2种生物炭施用方式对土壤温度影响不同,与CK相比,HE处理土壤平均温度提高0.32 ℃,而HO处理土壤平均温度降低0.46 ℃。此外,HE处理相较于HO和CK处理减弱冻结期土壤液态水、温度及EC的变化幅度。[结论] 生物炭混施和底施均有利于提高冻结期退化黑土液态水含量和EC,特别是生物炭底施还有利于提升冻结期耕层土壤温度,而生物炭混施在同时期还有利于减缓土壤冻结作用,2种生物炭施用方式均可能对冻结期土壤水盐运移和物质转化过程有重要影响,甚至对春季作物出苗和早期生长产生重要影响。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Biochar application can change soil physicochemical properties. The study of the effects of different biochar application methods on soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) distribution, which can provide basis for the scientific management of seasonally frozen soil. [Methods] The effects of different biochar application methods on soil liquid water content, temperature and EC during freezing period were studied by field experiment and long-term observation in black soil region of northeast. Biochar application methods included one-time biochar mixed application of 40 t/hm2(HO), biochar bottom application of 40 t/hm2 (HE), and the blank was 0 t/hm2 (CK). [Results] Both biochar application methods increased the mean soil liquid water content during the freezing period (p < 0.05), as HO > HE > CK. The application of biochar application significantly increased soil EC throughout the experimental cycle, and the average soil EC increased by 17.73% and 6.89% in the HO and HE treatments, respectively, compared to CK. The two biochar application methods had different effects on the soil temperature. Compared with CK, the mean soil temperature increased by 0.32 ℃ in the HE treatment, while the mean soil temperature decreased by 0.46 ℃ in the HO treatment. In addition, the HE treatment weakened the range of change in soil liquid water, temperature and EC during the freezing period compared to HO and CK treatments. [Conclusion] Both heterogeneous and homogeneous biochar application were beneficial to increase the liquid water content and EC of degraded black soil during freezing period. Especially heterogeneous biochar application was also beneficial to increase the soil temperature of the tillage layer during freezing period, homogeneous biochar application can also reduce the soil freezing during freezing effect during the same period. Both of the two biochar application modes may have an important impact on the soil moisture-salt transport and material transformation process during the freezing period, and even have an important effect on the spring emergence and early growth of crops.

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魏志淼, 张少良, 闫思华, 闫鹏科, 冯兰茜, 肖梓良, 刘志华.生物炭施用对冻结期退化黑土水热盐动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2024,38(4):322~334

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-05
  • 最后修改日期:2024-03-31
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-07-24
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