不同降雨类型下植被剔除对灌木林降雨再分配特征的影响
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贵州大学

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Effects of vegetation exclusion on rainfall redistribution characteristics of shrubs under different rainfall types
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Guizhou University

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    摘要:

    我国西南喀斯特区虽降雨充沛,但仍存在“岩溶干旱”现象,从而限制植物生长。降雨是该区植被和土壤的主要水分来源,而林分冠层结构是影响降雨输入的重要因素。剔除部分植被后,植被冠层结构会发生改变,进而影响穿透雨和树干径流的占比。然而,不同降雨类型下植被剔除对降雨再分配特征的影响还尚不清楚。本文以喀斯特典型灌木林为研究对象,选取3个10 m×10 m的样地,分别进行30%(TC30)和10%(TC10)的植被剔除,并以不剔除(TC0)作为对照,分别于旱雨季对剔除处理后各样地的穿透雨、树干径流等进行监测。结果表明:旱雨季不同降雨类型下,各样地穿透雨率为72.3%~96.6%,穿透雨率有随剔除比例增加而增加的趋势,但不同降雨类型或剔除比例下各样地穿透雨率总体上均无显著差异。然而,树干径流率无论在旱季或雨季,各降雨类型下均表现为TC0(5.6%~13.9%)>TC10(4.8%~8.1%)>TC30(2.1%~6.1%),其中旱季中雨、雨季大雨和雨季暴雨下差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,相较TC0和TC10,TC30的降雨输入量(穿透雨+树干径流)在旱季和雨季均为最高(分别为98.9%和94.8%)。综上可知,剔除植被对穿透雨率影响不明显,但可显著降低树干径流率,且适当疏林可提高降雨输入量,增加土壤和植被可用水量,提高降雨—土壤水转化效率,研究结果可为喀斯特地区提高降雨资源利用效率提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Although there is abundant rainfall in the karst area of southwest China, there is still a phenomenon of “karst drought”, which restricts plant growth. Rainfall is the main source of water for vegetation and soil in this area, and the canopy structure of the stand is an important factor affecting rainfall input. After removing some vegetation, the vegetation canopy structure will change, which in turn will affect the proportion of penetrating rain and tree trunk runoff. However, the effects of vegetation exclusion on rainfall redistribution characteristics under different rainfall types are still unclear. In this study, three 10 m×10 m plots were selected to remove 30% (TC30) and 10% (TC10) vegetation, respectively, and no rejection (TC0) was used as the control to monitor the penetrating rain and tree trunk runoff of each sample plot in the dry and rainy seasons. The results showed that the penetrating rainfall rate of each sample plot was 72.3%~96.6% under different rainfall types in the dry and rainy season, and the penetrating rainfall rate increased with the increase of the exclusion ratio, but there was no significant difference in the penetrating rainfall rate of each sample plot under different rainfall types or exclusion ratios. However, the trunk runoff rate was TC0 (5.6%~13.9%)> TC10 (4.8%~8.1%)> TC30 (2.1%~6.1%) in both dry and rainy seasons, and there were significant differences under moderate rainfall in dry season, heavy rain in rainy season and heavy rain in rainy season (P<0.05)。 In addition, compared with TC0 and TC10, TC30 had the highest rainfall input (penetrating rain + trunk runoff) in both the dry and rainy seasons (98.9% and 94.8%, respectively). In conclusion, the removal of vegetation has no obvious effect on the penetrating rainfall rate, but can significantly reduce the trunk runoff rate, and appropriate forest thinning can increase rainfall input, increase soil and vegetation water availability, and improve the rainfall-soil water conversion efficiency, which can provide a reference for improving the rainfall resource use efficiency in karst areas.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-10
  • 最后修改日期:2024-05-19
  • 录用日期:2024-06-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-10
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