[Objective] Soil and water conservation is important in protecting and improving the ecological environment, which plays an important role for the sustainable development of ecosystems. [Methods] While the study of the soil and water conservation effectiveness in regional scale provide an effective theoretical basis for soil and water conservation. [Results] We supposed an estimation method for the regional-scale soil and water conservation rates by remote sensing based on the RUSLE (revised universal soil loss equation), and estimated its the spatial pattern in Shanxi Province.The results showed that the soil erosion in Shanxi Province is dominated by moderate erosion, with an area of about 49 545.68 km², and the soil and water conservation rates is 68.38% in 2022, and the soil and water conservation rates accounted for the largest proportion in high level. The soil and water conservation rates of natural vegetation is higher than that of cropland, among which, the rates of forest is the highest at 84.37%. The soil and water conservation rates of the natural vegetation and cropland accounted for the largest proportion in high level with 48.11% and 46.46%, respectively. The rates is greatly affected by slopes, and showed a trend of significant decrease followed by gentle fluctuation. Compared with previous researches, the estimated spatial pattern of soil erosion in Shanxi Province were consistent with the existing data. And the estimated soil and water conservation rates was significantly correlated with the published targets. [Conclusion] The method of estimating soil and water conservation rates at the regional scale by remote sensing can provide an important theoretical and methodological basis for evaluating the effectiveness and impact of soil and water conservation ecological projects and other national large-scale ecological projects.