东北典型黑土区土壤侵蚀对有机碳时空变化特征的影响
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北京林业大学水土保持学院

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Impact of Soil Erosion on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Organic Carbon in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China
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School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University

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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)

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    摘要:

    东北黑土区作为我国重要的商品粮基地,却是旱地土壤有机碳唯一下降的区域。该区严重的土壤侵蚀现象是坡面有机碳流失的重要驱动因素,明晰侵蚀作用下有机碳的时空分布响应有助于深入理解区域有机碳流失机制。因此,本研究采用RUSLE模型并结合GIS空间分析技术分析了东北典型黑土区2000—2019年土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳流失的时空变化特征。结果表明,研究区土壤侵蚀强度整体呈北高南低的分布格局,并以微度侵蚀为主;2000—2019年微度侵蚀面积总体呈上升趋势,轻度及以上程度侵蚀面积均呈下降趋势,其中87.91%的区域侵蚀强度等级未发生明显变化,仅有3.74%的区域侵蚀强度等级升高;土壤有机碳流失空间分布差异明显,总体呈北高南低的分布特征,研究期间土壤有机碳年平均流失强度为4.74 t/(km2·a);2010—2019年土壤有机碳流失总量呈增大趋势,其中北安市流失量最大,占研究区总流失量的37.00%;2015—2019年间,低强度(<5 t/(km2·a))土壤有机碳流失区域的面积比例下降,而高强度(5 t/(km2·a))流失区域面积占比上升,导致年平均流失强度增大;研究区北部土壤侵蚀强度高的地区由于有机碳含量丰富,使得其在遭受侵蚀作用时释放的有机碳总量相对较大,形成了土壤有机碳流失总量的地域性差异特征。研究结果可为侵蚀环境土壤碳循环机制提供理论支撑,并可为解决黑土“变薄变瘦”问题提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    The black soil region in Northeast China, serving as a critical commercial grain base, is the sole area in the country experiencing a decline in dryland soil organic carbon (SOC). Intense soil erosion in the region significantly drives the loss of organic carbon on slopes. Clarifying the temporal and spatial distribution response of SOC under erosion is crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind regional organic carbon loss. Therefore, this study employed the RUSLE model in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis techniques to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial variations in soil erosion and SOC loss in the typical black soil region of Northeast China from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that soil erosion intensity in the study area exhibits a high-north and low-south distribution pattern, predominantly characterized by slight erosion. The area of slight erosion generally increased from 2000 to 2019, while areas experiencing mild or higher levels of erosion demonstrated a declining trend. Notably, 87.91% of the area did not undergo significant changes in the degree of erosion intensity, with only 3.74% of the are experiencing an escalation in erosion severity. SOC loss exhibited significant spatial distribution differences, generally following a high-north and low-south distribution pattern, with an average annual loss intensity of SOC at 4.74 t/(km2·a). From 2010 to 2019, the total SOC loss showed an increasing trend, with the highest loss occurring in Bei"an, accounting for 37.00% of the total loss in the study area. Between 2015 and 2019, the proportion of areas experiencing low-intensity (<5 t/(km2·a)) SOC loss area decreased, while the area proportion of high-intensity (5 t/(km2·a)) loss area expanded, leading to an increase in the annual average loss intensity. In the northern part of the study area, where soil erosion intensity is high, the abundant SOC content resulted in relatively larger total organic carbon release upon erosion, giving rise to a distinct regional variation in SOC loss totals. These findings could provide a theoretical underpinning for understanding carbon cycling dynamics in erosive environments and offer scientific grounding for addressing the issues of "thinning and weakening" of black soil in Northeast China.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02
  • 最后修改日期:2024-05-13
  • 录用日期:2024-06-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-10
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