黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区生物结皮对灌草生态系统水分耗散的影响
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1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;2.中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFF1300802);国家自然科学基金项目(41830758;42377357)


Effects of biocrusts on water evapotranspiration of shrub-grass ecosystem in water-wind erosion crisscross region of Loess Plateau
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1.College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&2.F University;3.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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    摘要:

    蒸散发是土壤水分损失的主要途径,干旱半干旱地区广泛分布的生物结皮显著影响降水入渗和土壤水分剖面分布,可能会影响生态系统的土壤水分耗散。研究采用原状土柱试验,以裸土为对照,设置灌草(单株灌木-20%盖度草本)、灌草-30%生物结皮和灌草-50%生物结皮3个处理,研究生物结皮对灌草生态系统水分耗散的影响。结果表明,模拟30mm降水12h后,灌草-生物结皮处理0~20 cm土层水分含量较裸土处理平均高出15.4%,较灌草处理平均高出12.8%。与裸土相比,灌草及灌草与不同盖度生物结皮显著增加了土壤水分耗散,其中灌草处理较裸土增加120.3%,灌草-生物结皮较裸土平均增加116.5%。生物结皮降低了灌草生态系统的水分耗散,与灌草处理相比,灌草-生物结皮水分耗散平均降低1.7%,降低程度与生物结皮盖度、时段及土层深度有关。其中,灌草-30%生物结皮和灌草-50%生物结皮处理水分耗散量较灌草处理分别提高5.3%和降低8.7%。生物结皮对灌草生态系统水分耗散的降低作用在雨后1~4天表现明显。生物结皮主要通过减少灌草生态系统的20 cm以下土层水分耗散来降低蒸散发与蒸散速率。与灌草处理相比,灌草-生物结皮的0~20 cm土层水分蒸散损耗提高14.4%,20 cm以下土层水分耗散降低15.5%。本文进一步完善了生物结皮对土壤水分影响的研究,并为提高蒸散发模型预测的精确性提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Evapotranspiration is the main way of soil water loss. However, as a widely distributed surface cover in arid and semi-arid regions, how biocrusts (biological soil crusts) affect ecosystem evapotranspiration was still not clear to date. Thus, we investigated the effect of biocrusts on evapotranspiration of shrub-grass ecosystem in water-wind erosion crisscross region of Loess Plateau by using soil columns in the study. The bare soil column was used as control, and three treatments were set up, they were shrub-grass (single plant shrub-20% grass), shrub-grass-30% biocrust and shrub-grass-50% biocrust. The results showed that after 12 hours of simulated 30 mm precipitation infiltration, the water content of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer in the shrub-grass-biotic crust treatment was 15.4 % higher than that in the bare soil treatment and 12.8 % higher than that in the shrub-grass treatment. Compared with bare soil, shrub-grass and shrub-grass with different coverage biocrusts significantly increased soil water dissipation. Among them, shrub-grass treatment increased by 120.3 % compared with bare soil, and shrub-grass-biocrust increased by 116.5 % on average compared with bare soil. The biological crust reduced the water dissipation of the shrub-grass ecosystem. Compared with the shrub-grass treatment, the water dissipation of the shrub-grass-biological crust decreased by 1.7 % on average, and the degree of reduction was related to the coverage, time period and soil depth of the biological crust. Among them, the water dissipation of shrub-grass-30 % biological crust and shrub-grass-50 % biological crust treatments increased by 5.3 % and decreased by 8.7 %, respectively, compared with shrub-grass treatment. The effect of biological crusts on the reduction of water dissipation in shrub-herb ecosystem was obvious in 1-4 days after rain. Biological crusts mainly reduce evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration rate by reducing water dissipation in the soil layer below 20 cm of shrub-grass ecosystem. Compared with the shrub-grass treatment, the evapotranspiration loss of 0-20 cm soil layer in the shrub-grass-biotic crust treatment increased by 14.4 %, and the water dissipation in the soil layer below 20 cm decreased by 15.5 %. This paper further improves the study of the effect of biological crusts on soil moisture and provides a scientific basis for improving the accuracy of evapotranspiration model prediction.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-25
  • 最后修改日期:2024-03-29
  • 录用日期:2024-04-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-30
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