黑色岩系成壤过程中镉和硒的形态转变与迁移特征研究
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1.浙江大学 环境与资源学院;2.浙江省农业科学院 数字农业研究所

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Transformation of Chemical Forms and Migration Characteristics of Cadmium and Selenium During Soil Formation on Black Rock Series
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College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University

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    摘要:

    黑色岩系含有高量的镉和硒,在风化成土过程中岩石镉和硒的形态转变和释放可对周围生态环境产生影响。本研究在浙西北选择了下寒武统荷塘组地层的黑色岩系分布区,通过沿地形不同部位(丘陵上坡、丘陵中坡、丘陵下坡、丘间谷底和河谷阶地)采集土壤剖面分层土样,探讨了黑色岩系风化成土及其风化物迁移过程中镉和硒的数量与形态转变规律。结果表明,从母岩经母质至土壤,土壤总镉和总硒均呈现下降的趋势。黑色岩系风化物镉和硒的损失随沿丘陵坡地向下迁移搬运距离增加而增加,其中由坡积物演变为洪积物的过程中镉和硒的损失大于由残积物演变为坡积物的损失。从风化物中流失的镉和硒可以流水扩散方式对下流河流冲积物发育表土镉和硒含量产生影响,但影响程度随距离增加而减小。随着风化物搬运距离的增加和土壤的演变,发生了碳酸盐结合态镉和残留态镉向水溶性镉、交换性镉、有机质结合态镉、氧化物结合态镉转变,残留态硒逐渐活化转变为交换性硒、有机质结合态硒、氧化物结合态硒。研究还表明,土壤水溶性镉、交换性镉(硒)、有机质结合态镉(硒)呈现向地表增加的趋势;硒的有机富集及表土富集现象比镉更为明显。研究认为,黑色岩系风化不仅可通过残留方式直接影响其分布区土壤镉与硒的含量,也可通过流水扩散方式影响周边地区土壤镉和硒的含量。

    Abstract:

    Black rock series contains high amounts of cadmium and selenium. During weathering and soil formation on the rocks, the chemical form transformation and release of cadmium and selenium from the rocks can have an impact on the surrounding ecological environment. In this study, a black rock series distribution area of Hetang formation of the Lower Cambrian was selected in Northwest Zhejiang. By collecting horizonal soil samples from soil profiles along different parts of the terrain (hill upslope, hill middle slope, hill downslope, inter hill valley bottom and valley terrace), the quantity and chemical form transformation patterns of cadmium and selenium during the process of weathering soil formation and weathering material migration of the black rock series were discussed. The results showed that total cadmium and total selenium in the soils decreased from parent rock to soil. The loss of cadmium and selenium in the weathered matter of black rock series increased with the increase of transportation distance along the hilly slope, and the loss of cadmium and selenium in the process of evolution from slope deposit to diluvium was greater than that from residual to slope deposit. The cadmium and selenium lost from the weathered materials could affect the content of cadmium and selenium in the topsoil derived from the alluvial of the downstream river in the way of water diffusion, but the degree of influence decreased with the increase of distance. With the increase of the transportation distance of weathered materials and the evolution of soil, the transformation of carbonate bound cadmium and residual cadmium to water-soluble cadmium, exchangeable cadmium, organic matter bound cadmium and oxide bound cadmium occurred. The residual selenium was gradually activated and transformed into exchangeable selenium, organic matter bound selenium and oxide bound selenium. The results also showed that soil water-soluble cadmium, exchangeable cadmium (selenium) and organic matter bound cadmium (selenium) increased toward the surface. The organic enrichment of selenium and topsoil was more obvious than that of cadmium. The results indicates that the weathering of black rock series could not only directly affect the content of soil cadmium and selenium in its distribution area through residue, but also affect the content of soil cadmium and selenium in the surrounding area through water diffusion.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-10
  • 最后修改日期:2024-02-22
  • 录用日期:2024-02-28
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-29
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