1985-2021年青藏高原典型湖泊水文特征及关键影响因素分析
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作者单位:

北京林业大学

作者简介:

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

S157

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(52279056)


Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Typical Lakes in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1985 to 2021
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Beijing forestry university;2.北京林业大学

Fund Project:

National Natural Science Foundation of China

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    摘要:

    青藏高原的湖泊是气候变化的重要指示器,其扩张或缩减亦对青藏高原自然环境产生重要影响。选取位于青藏高原不同气候子区的三个典型湖泊(青海湖、羊卓雍错、乌兰乌拉湖),采用遥感监测手段,研究三个典型湖泊1985-2021年间水文特征的时空变化规律,揭示关键气候因子的作用,并进一步探讨冰川和冻土对典型湖泊的影响。结果表明:研究期间,青海湖的面积和水位呈显著上升趋势,面积增长238.68km2,水位增长1.32m,空间上则呈现出向东西方向扩张的趋势;羊卓雍错湖泊的面积呈先波动上升后减少的趋势,分别减少16.316km2和3.25米,在空间上整体呈现由四周向中心的萎缩态势;乌兰乌拉湖的面积和水位呈显著上升趋势,分别增长125.575km2和8.12米,扩张区域主要集中在南部。分析关键气候因子发现,降水量变化是影响青海湖和羊湖面积变化的关键因素,且面积变化和降水量具有滞后性;而乌兰乌拉湖水位上升的主要原因是气温升高引起冻土的季节融化。探索青藏高原湖泊面积的变化,对深入研究全球气候变化及地表水资源评估具有重要指导意义。

    Abstract:

    The lakes of the Tibetan Plateau are important indicators of climate change, and their expansion or contraction also has an important impact on the natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau. Three typical lakes (Qinghai Lake, Yangzhuoyong Lake, and Ulan Ula Lake) located in different climatic sub-zones of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were selected and remote sensing monitoring methods were used to study the temporal and spatial variation of the hydrological characteristics of the three typical lakes from 1985 to 2021, reveal the role of key climatic factors, and further explore the influence of glaciers and frozen soil on typical lakes. The results show that the area and water level of Qinghai Lake show a significant upward trend during the study period. The area increased by 238.68km2, the water level increased by 1.32m, and the space showed a trend of expansion in the east-west direction; the area of Yangzhuoyong Lake showed a trend of first fluctuating and then decreasing, decreasing by 16.316km2 and 3.25 meters respectively, and the overall spatial situation showed a shrinking trend from all sides to the center; the area and water level of Ulan Ula Lake showed a significant upward trend, increasing by 125.575km2 and 8.12 meters respectively, and the expansion area was mainly concentrated in the south. The analysis of key climatic factors showed that precipitation change was the key factor affecting the area change of Qinghai Lake and Yanghu Lake, and the area change and precipitation lagged. The main reason for the rise in the water level of Ulan Ula Lake is the seasonal thawing of the frozen soil caused by the increase in temperature. Exploring the changes of lake area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great guiding significance for in-depth study of global climate change and surface water resources assessment.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-06
  • 最后修改日期:2023-12-15
  • 录用日期:2023-12-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-29
  • 出版日期: