[1]减氮条件下基于AquaCrop模型的北疆膜下滴灌棉花水氮制度优化
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1.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院;2.现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室

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南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB020)、(2021DB012)和国家自然科学(52369012)资助


Optimization of Water And Nitrogen Regimes Based on AquaCrop Model for Drip Irrigation Cotton under Nitrogen-reducing Conditions in The Northern Border Region
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College of Water Resources and Construction Engineering, Shihezi University

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    摘要:

    [目的]减施氮肥条件下为优化膜下滴灌棉花灌水施氮制度。[方法]采样大田试验与AquaCrop模型相结合开展研究。[结果]试验结果表明,W2Nck(灌水量减少10%配正常施氮量)或W1Nck(灌水量增加10%配正常施氮量)处理棉花产量最高,为5.496 t·hm2和5.126 t·hm2,W2N1(灌水量减少10%配施氮量减少30%)或W1N1(灌水量增加10%配施氮量减少30%)处理棉花产量最低,为3.933×103kg·hm2和3.625×103kg·hm2,水氮胁迫共同作用下对棉花产量有消极影响;与单一措施相比,正常施氮水平下,增加或减少灌水量可使棉花达到增产效应;适当减少灌水量或增加施氮量更有利于增加水分利用效率和减少土壤中的氮素残留。通过两年试验数据对AquaCrop模型模型进行率定校准,利用校准后参数进行减氮条件下300~600mm灌溉定额下棉花产量、水氮利用率的模型模拟。AquaCrop模型模拟结果表明,田间各处理下冠层覆盖度评价指标R2>0.936,NRMSE<14.03%,ENS>0.94;生物量评价指标R2>0.947,NRMSE<40.58,ENS>0.72,产量评价指标R2>0.91,NRMSE<4.29%,ENS>0.85;水分利用效率评价指标R2>0.87,NRMSE<4.22%,ENS>0.81,表明AquaCrop模型对棉田水氮处理有较好的适用性。[结论]240种施氮灌水组合的模型模拟,结合产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力指标分析,减氮10%,灌溉定额360mm的组合可作为一种水氮高效利用下,达到稳产和减少经济成本的优选方案。北疆膜下滴灌棉花稳产的前提下,对棉花灌水施氮制度进行优化,可作为干旱区棉花种植过程中提升水氮利用效率的参考依据。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] To optimize the nitrogen application system for drip irrigation cotton under reduced nitrogen fertilization. [Methods] Sampling field experiment and AquaCrop model were combined to carry out the study. [The results showed that the highest cotton yields of 5.496×103kg·hm2 and 5.126×103kg·hm2 were obtained from W2Nck (10% reduction in irrigation with normal N application) or W1Nck (10% increase in irrigation with normal N application) treatments, and the highest yields of 5.496 t·hm2 and 5.126 t·hm2 were obtained from W2N1 (10% reduction in irrigation with 30% reduction in N application) or W1N1 (10% increase in irrigation with 30% reduction in N application). 10% paired with 30% reduction in N application) treatments had the lowest cotton yields of 3.933×103kg·hm2 and 3.625×103kg·hm2, and the combined effect of water and nitrogen stresses negatively affected cotton yields; compared with single measures, increasing or decreasing the irrigation volume at normal nitrogen application levels could result in a yield-increasing effect; appropriately decreasing the irrigation volume or increasing the nitrogen application was more conducive to increasing the water use efficiency and reduce nitrogen residue in the soil. The AquaCrop model was calibrated with two years of experimental data, and the calibrated parameters were used to simulate cotton yield and water and nitrogen utilization under 300-600 mm irrigation quota under nitrogen reduction conditions 0.94; biomass evaluation index R2>0.947, NRMSE<40.58, ENS>0.72, yield evaluation index R2>0.91, NRMSE<4.29%, ENS>0.85; and water use efficiency evaluation index R2>0.87, NRMSE<4.22%, ENS>0.81, which indicated that the AquaCrop model had a better effect on the water-nitrogen treatment in cotton fields has good applicability. [Conclusion] Model simulation of 240 nitrogen and irrigation combinations, combined with the analysis of yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen bias productivity indexes, the combination of 10% nitrogen reduction and 360 mm irrigation quota can be used as a preferred solution to achieve stable yield and reduce economic costs under efficient water and nitrogen utilization. The optimization of cotton irrigation and nitrogen application system under the premise of stable yield of cotton under drip irrigation under membrane in Northern Xinjiang can be used as a reference basis for improving water and nitrogen utilization efficiency during cotton cultivation in arid areas.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-27
  • 最后修改日期:2023-12-13
  • 录用日期:2023-12-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-29
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