连续性与间歇性降雨下土壤入渗与结皮的关系
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西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院

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Relationship between soil infiltration and crust under continuous and intermittent precipitation
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Northwest A F University,College of Natural Resources and Environment

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    摘要:

    为探究连续性和间歇性降雨条件下土壤结皮与入渗性能之间的变化关系,选取三种典型耕作层黄土,通过室内模拟降雨试验,分析不同降雨条件下土壤结皮强度和黏结力与入渗性能的关系。结果表明:(1)入渗性能随连续性降雨历时以及间歇性降雨场次的增加而减小;同等降雨历时和降雨强度下,间歇性降雨的减渗效应高于连续性降雨。(2)土壤结皮强度和黏结力随连续性降雨历时和间歇性降雨场次的增加而增加;褐土和黒垆土的入渗性能与结皮强度和黏结力呈显著线性相关(P<0.05),连续性降雨历时越长、间歇性降雨场次的越多,土壤结皮强度、黏结力以及减渗效应越大;沙壤土的入渗性能与结皮强度和黏结力则呈显著的非线性相关(P<0.05)。(3)结皮的MWD和GMD越小,入渗性能越差,减渗效应越大;而且关联度分析结果显示间歇性降雨对入渗性能的影响较高。研究可为黄土高原防治水土流失,有效利用水资源提供参考依据。

    Abstract:

    The Loess Plateau, one of the ecologically vulnerable regions in China, experiences concentrated and intense precipitation, characterized by significant topographical variations and fragmented landscapes. With sparse vegetation cover, the area faces prominent issues of soil erosion. Soil crusts, characterized by high bulk density and low porosity, are a common soil structural feature in the Loess Plateau formed under the impact of precipitation, runoff compaction, or irrigation. The formation of soil crusts severely affects water infiltration and runoff generation, hindering efficient water resource utilization and impeding the conversion between surface water and groundwater. To investigate the relationship between soil crust and infiltration performance under continuous and intermittent precipitation conditions, three typical cultivated soils from the Loess Plateau were selected. Indoor simulated precipitation experiments were conducted, utilizing three precipitation drop diameters (2.67 mm, 3.39 mm, and 4.05 mm), continuous precipitation durations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, and 1-2 episodes of intermittent precipitation. The study analyzed the relationship between crust strength, cohesion, and soil infiltration performance under different precipitation conditions. Furthermore, variations in the content of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in the topsoil under different precipitation conditions were examined, along with their influence on infiltration performance. Finally, using grey relational analysis, the study summarized the weights of various factors affecting infiltration performance and ranked their significance. The results revealed that infiltration performance decreased with the increase in continuous precipitation duration and the number of intermittent precipitation episodes. Under equivalent precipitation duration and intensity, intermittent precipitation exhibited a greater reduction effect on infiltration compared to continuous precipitation. Crust strength and cohesion increased with prolonged continuous precipitation duration and a higher number of intermittent precipitation episodes. Infiltration performance of chestnut soil and black loam soil exhibited a significant linear correlation with crust strength and cohesion (P<0.05). As the duration of continuous precipitation and the number of intermittent precipitation episodes increased, the generated crust strength and cohesion also increased, consequently resulting in a greater reduction in infiltration efficiency. In contrast, the infiltration performance of sandy loam soil demonstrated a nonlinear correlation with crust strength and cohesion (P<0.05). Experimental results indicated that with an increase in the number of intermittent precipitation episodes, soil aggregates became more fragmented. Moreover, as precipitation intensity increased with precipitation duration, the efficiency of degrading large aggregates (>0.25 mm) into smaller aggregates (<0.25 mm) also increased. Comparative analysis of the changes in Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) of soil crusts under different precipitation conditions revealed that a smaller MWD and GMD corresponded to poorer infiltration performance and a greater reduction in infiltration efficiency. Grey relational analysis further emphasized the significance of MWD and GMD as the most influential factors affecting infiltration performance, with higher correlation observed for intermittent precipitation compared to continuous precipitation. This study provides valuable insights for mitigating soil erosion and promoting effective water resource management in the Loess Plateau.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09
  • 最后修改日期:2023-12-17
  • 录用日期:2023-12-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-29
  • 出版日期: