Under the background of global climate warming and humidification, monitoring and attribution analysis of NDVI changes in vegetation in the Hehuang Valley of Qinghai Province, located in semi-arid areas, has guiding significance for the construction of ecological environment in Qinghai Province. The study utilized MODISNDVI data from 2000 to 2020 and related meteorological data, using Theil Sensedian trend test, partial correlation analysis, and other methods to study the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of NDVI in the Hehuang Valley, and used geographic detectors for driving factor analysis. The research results indicate that: (1) The vegetation NDVI in the Hehuang Valley region has shown a fluctuating growth trend in the past twenty years, with a significant increase in the area of 2.2 × 10₄^km₂ (P<0.05), accounting for 53.39% of the total area of the Hehuang Valley; The area with a significant decrease in vegetation NDVI is 7.0 × 10₂^km₂ (P<0.05), mainly distributed in the central part of the Huangshui Valley, accounting for 1.69% of the total area; (2) In terms of driving factors, NDVI has a strong correlation with temperature and precipitation, with positively correlated regions accounting for 50.3% and 80.1% of the total area, respectively. Through partial correlation analysis of natural factors, it can be found that the areas with significant vegetation increase are mainly distributed in areas with an altitude of 2800~3100 meters, a slope of 15 °, and a slope direction of north. Within the range of elevation less than 3200 meters, the NDVI change trend of vegetation shows an upward trend with the increase of elevation, with a significant increase area of 54.37%. (3) Based on the partial correlation analysis and the attribution analysis of geographical detectors on NDVI changes of vegetation, it can be seen that vegetation changes in different soil types are significantly different. Annual rainfall and human activities are the main influencing factors for NDVI changes of vegetation in Hehuang Valley, and the impact of multiple factors on NDVI is interactive, showing mutual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement relationships. Effectively clarify the complex driving factors of vegetation change, and provide theoretical support for the future ecological construction planning of Hehuang Valley in Qinghai Province and the implementation of ecological engineering.