[Objective] Comprehensively explore the land ecological security situation of the Shandong Peninsula and the Yellow River, and provide a realistic basis for realizing the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and promoting the strategy of " jointly grasping the great protection and jointly promoting the great governance. " [Methods] Using entropy method, kernel density estimation, Markov chain and obstacle factor model and other methods. [Results](1) In terms of level change, the growth rate of land ecological security in the two regions was "inverted U" type. The level of land ecological security in Shandong Peninsula was obviously higher than that of the Yellow River, but the growth rate of Jiziwan of Yellow River was faster；(2) In terms of time, the land ecological security of the two regions has the characteristics of "single core" evolution. The regional differences in Shandong Peninsula are expanding, while the regional differences in Jiziwan are narrowing. In space, the two regions show a spatial distribution trend of "high in the middle east and low in the west"；(3) On the evolution characteristics, the evolution of land ecological security level in the two regions has the effects of "path dependence" and "self-locking"; (4) The ecological security of land in Shandong Peninsula is affected by the per capita cultivated land area and the average application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The ecological security of land in Ziwan of the Yellow River was affected by landscape fragmentation and forest coverage. [Conclusion] In the future, Shandong Peninsula and the Yellow River should not only classify and implement policies according to regional advantages, but also proceed from the overall situation of the basin to jointly improve the land ecological security level of the Yellow River Basin.