A large number of epi-karst zones have developed on karst slopes, with strong infiltration, and the runoff production mechanism is very different from that of non-karst slopes. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of soil erosion models in karst areas, six runoff plots of different land-use types in the Chenqi Small Watershed of Puding County, Guizhou Province, were taken as the observation objects. The sediment and surface runoff data under different vegetation cover from two periods of 2007-2010 and 2015-2019 were analyzed to understand the laws of runoff and sediment production, and the erosive rainfall of each plot was calculated by using the rainfall erosion force deviation method. The results showed that:(1) Vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with runoff and sediment production on karst slopes. Under high vegetation coverage, heavy rains and extreme heavy rains were the main rainfall types that cause soil erosion on karst slopes. (2) Over the past decade of vegetation restoration, with the improvement of coverage, the annual average soil loss showed a downward trend, mostly less than 10 t/km². (3) The karst slope developed fissures, serious underground leakage, small amount of soil and was not easy to be eroded. Except for a few extreme heavy rainstorm, most rainfall did not produce runoff and sediment. Therefore, it is recommended to set the threshold of erosive rainfall on karst slopes at 50 mm, which is generally significantly higher than that in non-karst areas.