A total of 69 soil samples were collected from the surface soils of Ganqu wetland, Ba Gaxue wetland, Lalu wetland and Cha Balang wetland in the lower Lhasa River. Soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), total salt, electrical conductivity, redox potential (Eh), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter (OM) were measured as evaluation indicators. A combination of the one-factor fertility evaluation method and the Nemero composite index method was used to comprehensively evaluate the fertility of the surface soil of the lower Lhasa River wetland, and descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were carried out using SPSS. In order to be able to grasp the basic environmental quality status of the surface soil of the lower Lhasa River wetland, provide a basis and suggestions for improving the wetland soil quality and further ensure the sustainable development of the wetland ecosystem in Lhasa. The results show that: (1) using the one-factor fertility evaluation method for analysis, on the whole, among the nine fertility evaluation indicators, Eh showed strong variation, pH and TK showed weak variation, while the rest of the indicators showed medium strength variation. The pH of the surface soil of the lower Lhasa River wetland was neutral, and the OM and TN contents were both in a very rich state, belonging to the first level. the TP and TK contents were both in a moderate state, belonging to the third level. The average value of total salt content is 0.92 g.kg_^-1 and the average value of electrical conductivity is 2.97ms.m_^-1, the soil has a strong fertility retention capacity. The redox potential ranges from -55mV to 110mV and is reductive. (2) The order of the magnitude of the combined fertility coefficient (P) of the soils in the representative wetlands of the lower Lhasa River is Cha Balang wetland (2.01) > Ba Gaxue wetland (1.95) > Lalu wetland (1.93) > Ganqu wetland (1.86), and all four wetland soils belong to the fertility class. The fertility indicator that most influences the combined fertility of these four representative wetland soils is total potassium. (3) Soil fertility was significantly and positively correlated with Eh, indicating that Eh is the limiting factor of soil fertility index in the representative wetlands of the lower Lhasa River. In order to grasp the basic environmental quality status of wetland soils in the lower Lhasa River, improve wetland soil quality, provide a basis and suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization in Lhasa, and ensure the sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in Lhasa.