In order to explore the soil erosion control effect of different vegetation patterns on the slope surface of engineering accumulation, the high and steep slopes (32°, 20 m×1 m) with different patterns (bare slope, top slope, middle slope, bottom slope and strip slope) in the loess region were simulated with three water discharge rates of 10, 20 and 30 L/min. The runoff rate, sediment yield rate, flow and sediment reduction benefit were selected to analyze the erosion control effect of vegetation patterns on the slopes of engineering accumulation. The results showed that the average runoff rates of strip, slope top, slope middle and slope bottom were 57.33%,61.17%, 41.62%, 24.78% lower than that of bare slope, and the average sediment yield rates were 74.99%, 61.10%, 55.01%, 46.43% lower than that of bare slope. The linear relationship between runoff rate and sediment yield rate (R² was 0.57 to 0.80, p<0.01) was weaker than that of bare slope (R²=0.71, p<0.01). In different vegetation patterns, the flow reduction benefits of strip pattern and slope top pattern were 65.97% and 60.52%, respectively, and the sediment reduction benefits were 71.44% and 57.22%, respectively. The erosion control effects of strip pattern and slope top pattern were much higher than other patterns. The linear correlation between sediment yield and runoff power (R² was 0.61 to 0.83, p<0.01) was higher than that of runoff shear force (R² was 0.29 to 0.76, p<0.01). Runoff power could better reflect the mechanism of soil erosion on the slope of accumulation.