Stable and good water conservation functions are the foundation of regional development. The water conservation functions of ecosystems are the key areas of current regional ecohydrological research. Because of Qinling’s important ecological function and geographical environment characteristics, it has the dual meaning of scientific and practical guidance to grasp the information as the changes of its water conservation function, the spatial pattern of water conservation function and the sensitivity of influencing factors. In this paper, Qinling in Shaanxi was selected as the research area. Based on the In VEST water production module and water conservation model, the changes of water conservation in Qinling from 2000 to 2014 were calculated. The spatial pattern of water conservation was analyzed from the aspects of slope and elevation, and the sensitivity of factors such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, seasonal constants, root depth, and leaf area index were selected.The results showed that: (1) The annual average water conservation and annual average rainfall basically fluctuated synchronously, and the total water conservation in the Qinling Mountains increased from 2000 to 2014 with the average annual increase of 2×10⁹ m³, and the increasing trend was becoming more and more obvious. The average annual water conservation in the main watersheds of Qinling Mountains was Hanjiang River Basin > Danjiang River Basin > Weihe River Basin > Luohe River Basin > Jialing River Basin. (2) The water conservation function of Qinling was positively correlated with elevation, slope, and vegetation coverage. The water conservation capacity of the shady slope was greater than that of the sunny slope. The water conservation function of the sub-basin was mainly of medium importance and importance, but general importance and extreme importance were unfrequent. (3) The sensitivity of the key factors affecting the water conservation function was rainfall > potential evapotranspiration > leaf area index > seasonal constant > vegetable root depth.