Based on the analysis of soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the typical sub-alpine peat wetland of Dajiuhu in Shennongjia National Park of Hubei Province, the temporal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and spatial (surface 15 cm, middle 30 cm, and bottom 45 cm) characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The distribution of soil nutrient components, pH, Eh, and bulk density was normal, in which Apo. and Aph. K were medium and strong variability, the mean value was 31.33 and 71.2 mg/kg. TOC, TP, An., pH, Eh, and bulk density were medium and weak variability, and the mean value was 419.2, 1.56 g/kg, 67.57 mg/kg, 5.33, 104.4, 0.155 g/kg; TN is weakly variable, the mean value was 20.13 g/kg. (2) There was no significant difference in soil TOC in season and depth. There was significant difference between TN and TP in the first layer and the other two layers. There was seasonal difference between TP in the first layer and TP in the first and middle layers. Only Aph. was significantly different from the first and the other two layers. (3) TOC, TP, An. and TN, Apo., TP, and An. showed significant positive correlations. TOC and soil bulk density, Apo. and Eh, pH and Eh, showed significant negative correlations. (4) TOC and TN in the study area were higher than other peat wetlands in China, and the content of soil organic carbon decreased with the increase of latitude.