Soil evaporation is an important component of soil water balance and energy exchange, and it is also a key link in the hydrological cycle in arid and semi-arid region. In this study, the evaporation rates of the biocrusts and non-crusted soil developed on aeolian sandy soil and loessal soil were measured under simulated and natural conditions by using micro-lysimeters in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China, the differences of biocrusts soil and non-crusted soil evaporation characteristics were analyzed, and the soil bulk density, soil particle distribution, and organic matter were determined. The results showed that: (1) The process of evaporation could be clearly divided into three stages under simulated evaporation experiment. As compared with non-crusted soil, biocrusts soil decreased the evaporation rate by 3.04%~15.46% (0.21~1.05 mm/day) at atmospheric evaporation control stage; while it was increased by 32.26%~187.07% (0.58~2.54 mm/day) at soil hydraulic conductivity control stage, and by 12.91% to 87.73% (0.05~0.34 mm/day) at vapor diffusion control stage, in addition, the cumulative soil evaporation was expressed as biocrusts soil higher than non-crusted soil under simulated evaporation experiment. (2) Moreover, the evaporation rate of biocrusts and non-crusted soil was low under natural evaporation conditions from June 16 to September 3, and the daily average evaporation of biocrusts soil was 1.12~1.42 times that of non-crusted soil. The evaporation rates of biocrusts soil and non-crusted soil increased rapidly after rainfall. Furthermore, the soil evaporation amount after rainfall was 2.20~8.55 times that before rainfall, biocrusts increased soil water content after rain and promoted soil evaporation. In addition, biocrusts significantly increased soil cumulative evaporation (F=21.85, P<0.01) from August 10 to August 22. Our experiments indicated that biocrusts significantly enhance the evaporation of aeolian and loessal soil, which may play adverse effects on soil moisture retention in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. It is, therefore, essential to pay high attention to the effects of biocrust covering on soil evaporation and take necessary methods on the Loess Plateau of China.