This paper studied the differences and variation of soil anti-erodibility between sedimentation zone in front of hedgerows and ridge behind hedgerows on purple soil slopping land. We collected soil samples form three runoff plots (10° Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows plot (T1), 10° and 15° Vetiveria zizanioides hedgerows plots (T2 and T3)). These plots were selected from Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station in Suining as the research object. The plots were provided with up, middle, and down hedge belts, and surface soil samples from the zone in front of hedgerows and ridge behind hedgerows were collected to determine the organic matter content, water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregate composition. Combined with the principal component analysis, we obtained the following results: The soil organic matter content, degree of aggregation and state of agglomeration of sedimentation zone in front of hedgerows were better than those of ridge behind hedgerows in the same hedge, and water stable aggregate content and the comprehensive index of soil anti-erodibility were opposite. The comprehensive index of soil anti-erodibility of ridge behind hedgerows was 1.48~3.17 times higher than that of sedimentation zone in front of hedgerows. The organic matter content, degree of aggregation and state of agglomeration of sedimentation zone in front of hedgerows showed the largest in the down slope, followed by the middle slope, and the smallest in the up slope, while that of ridge behind hedgerows showed the largest in the up slope and followed by the middle slope, and the water-stable aggregate content and the comprehensive index of soil anti-erodibility had no significant difference between the slope positions. In the same slope position, the soil organic matter content, degree of aggregation, state of agglomeration and water stable aggregate of Vetiveria zizanioides hedgerows plot were better than that of Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows plot. The higher the slope, the worse the soil organic matter content, status of agglomeration and water stable aggregate in Vetiveria zizanioides hedgerows. It was discovered by principal component analysis that the index of water stable aggregate could better reflect the strength of soil anti-erodibility in purple soil slopping land, and the best soil anti-erodibility was given by T2, followed by T1 and T3 in sequence.