With the promotion of green agricultural technology,the utilization of organic materials has been favored,but different types of organic materials have different effects on improving soil fertility. In order to explore the dynamic effect of organic materials application on the content of carbon and nitrogen in different forms and the enzyme activity in alluvial soil,a one-year culture test was conducted with treatments including add 10 g/kg of straw fungus residue (S),dendritic fungus residue (B),wheat straw (W),ryegrass straw (R),broad bean straw (BB),and Control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK,the application of organic materials significantly increased the carbon and nitrogen content in different forms and enzyme activity in soil. With the increase of the cultivation time,the organic matter and total nitrogen content showed increase trends with increases of 25.4% to 42.9% and 35% to 60%,respectively. The contents of easily oxidizable organic carbon and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased first and then decreased,and maximized at 2.80 and 43.26 mg/kg. Organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and enzyme activity showed a downward trend with the maximum values were 346 mg/kg,293 μg/g,and 23.08 μg/g. Organic material application could increase soil respiration rate by increasing soil enzyme activity. Through analysis of 7 hydrolytic enzymes at three sampling periods,the enzyme activity was: LAP > PHOS > NAG > BG > CB > AG > XYL,which indicating enzyme activity in the nitrogen cycle > enzyme activity in phosphorus cycle > enzyme activity in carbon cycle. Green manure straw mainly increased nitrogen cycle enzyme activity,and BB treatment had the highest enzyme activity. Mushroom residue mainly increased carbon cycle enzyme activity,the treatment activity of B was higher than that of S. Organic material application will affect soil enzyme activity and increase the content of different forms of carbon and nitrogen,but the increase varies depending on the types of organic material,and the response of the carbon and nitrogen components to the culture time is different. In general,wheat straw and broad bean straw showed the highest humification coefficient,and had the best effect on increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of different components.