The objective of this study was to explore whether the integration of row spacing ratio with planting density in one cropping system will increase water use efficiency of ‘Wugu 568’ maize at the Oasis Irrigation District. A field experiment was conducted at the Oasis experimental station from 2017 to 2018,to investigate the above objective. Three row spacing levels were used in the ratio; 7∶3 (L₁,56 cm wide∶24 cm narrow),6∶4 (L₂,48 cm wide∶32 cm narrow),and 5∶5 (L₃,equal row spacing 40cm); with five plant density levels,thus,82 500 plants / hm² (D₁),90 000 plants / hm² (D₂),97 500 plants / hm² (D₃),105 000 plants / hm² (D₄),112 500 plants / hm² (D₅). The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different row spacing ratio and planting densities on water consumption,grain yield and water use efficiency of maize. The results showed that row spacing ratio of L₁ can effectively reduce the water consumption and increase the evaporation between rows and has no significant effect on E/ET. Among the treatments,L₁ can effectively reduce water consumption by 11.9% compared with L₃ in 2017,and there was no significant difference in 2018. Comparing the row spacing ratio,the L₁ row spacing ratio has the advantage of increasing grain yield by 5.2%~10.5%,and improving water use efficiency by 6.5%~8.7%. By comparing the density treatments,D₃ density can effectively reduce water consumption and the evaporation between rows,and E/ET as compared to the traditional density D₁. The treatment D₃ is 13.3% lower than that of the traditional density D₁ and promoted and increased corn yield and water use efficiency. In 2018,the difference was not significant; the evaporation between rows decreased by 7.1%~7.2%; E/ET decreased by 6.8%~ 19.2%; increased grain yield by 7.5%~17.1%; and also increased water use efficiency by 23.9%~ 46.2%. Comparing the traditional treatment L₃D₁ water consumption to L₁D₃ in two years,it reduced by 12.8%~30.6%. The evaporation between rows reduced by 8.5%~10.4%; E/ET reduced by 7.3%~7.5%; water use efficiency improved by 36.0%~41.2%,and increased the grain yield by 7.7%~25.5%. Therefore,7∶3 (L₁,56 cm wide∶24 cm narrow) row spacing ratio combined with 97 500 plants / hm² (D₃) plant density can effectively increase maize yield and improve maize water use efficiency in Hexi oasis irrigation area.