The rapid development of urban scale is the key factor that causes urban soil erosion. Taking Xi’an as the research area, the soil erosion area of each district and county was calculated and the intensity grade was divided, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion were analyzed and predicted, and the areas requiring key supervision were identified. The results showed that the annual average amount of soil erosion in Xi’an was 2.784 9 million tons, the annual average soil erosion modulus was 176.74 t/(km²·a), the total area of micro-erosion and light erosion was 99.76%, and the area above moderate erosion was only 0.24%. Under the future scenario, the soil erosion modulus in Xi’an are mainly distributed in 0 to 200 t/(km²·a), of which the soil erosion area of the built-up area and the development area is 65.37 and 302.19 km² respectively;The spatial control and key areas of soil erosion are mainly distributed in Gaoling District, Huyi District, Chang’an District, and Lintong District. With the improvement of urban construction and development, the area of Xi’an key management and control area is also changing.