Based on the 25 categories of the major carbon resources from four aspects including agricultural land use, rice planting, livestock and poultry breeding and straw burning and the 17 categories of major crops carbon sink species, this study calculated the carbon emissions and carbon sink in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2015, and also calculated those of 17 prefecture-level cities in 2000, 2007 and 2015. Then, the agricultural net carbon sink and the intensity of net carbon sink were calculated, and the characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution were analyzed. The results showed that the amount of agricultural net carbon sink and net carbon sink intensity in Shandong province from 2000 to 2015 showed the upward trend, with the increase of 33.05% and 39.14% respectively. Carbon sink was the main carbon effect in agricultural development, and the effect of reduce emission on the increased carbon sink was obvious. The regional difference of agricultural net carbon sink was obvious and showed a trend of expansion with time, and there were four types of regions:"continuous increase", "fluctuant increase", "fluctuant decrease" and "continuous decrease". The regional difference of agricultural net carbon sink intensities was obvious and also showed a trend of expansion with time, and there were two types of regions:"continuous increase" and "fluctuant decrease". Based on spatial distribution features, the net carbon sink and net carbon sink intensities of each city were divided into five grades:lowest, lower, medium, higher and highest, from 2000 to 2015. The spatial distribution pattern of lowest net carbon sink area was relatively stable, while the other four grades of areas changed greatly. The highest net carbon sink areas were concentrated in the west of Shandong Province, and the higher net carbon sink areas in the southeast. The spatial distribution pattern of net carbon sink intensities changed greatly, the highest intensity areas of net carbon sink expanded from the middle to the west and southwest of Shandong Province, and the higher intensity areas from the middle to the southeast.