Taking the two year old "Rui pan 21/peaches" as test materials, the effects of molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil enzyme activity, nutrient absorption and plant growth of potted peach tree were investigated by regulating the content of molybdenum in bag-controlled release fertilizer (0 g/bag:ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, 0.1 g/bag:molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer). The results showed that compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the activity of soil sucrose enzyme, urease, phosphatase and catalase in the soil treated by molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer increased by 6.99%, 7.61%, 12.27% and 22.86% after 30 days of fertilization, respectively, and increased by 6.31%, 11.58%, 9.05% and 32.41% after 60 days after fertilization, respectively, and the differences were significant. The molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment increased the content of molybdenum in the soil and the number of lateral roots, the root activity, total root length, total surface area and total volume increased by 7.88%, 6.12%, 3.90% and 9.19%, respectively. The root shoot ratio increased by 6.92%, and the total dry matter increased by 9.99% compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment. Compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the content of molybdenum ion, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the leave, lateral branch and roots of the plant treated with molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer increased significantly, while the total potassium content in the plant increased slightly, and the difference was not significant. The content of calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron in leave, branches and roots also increased. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of peach trees treated with molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer significantly increased. The study showed that, molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer could increase soil enzyme activity and root activity of peach saplings, and increase number of lateral roots, root shoot ratio and net photosynthetic efficiency of plant leaves, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, thus promoting peach tree plant morphological construction.