In order to study the changes of growth index and yield of winter wheat and summer maize under different soil bulk densities and different degrees of water deficit, a bucket-planting experiment was conducted. Three soil bulk densities were set up:1.2 g/cm³, 1.4 g/cm³, 1.6 g/cm³, and three lower limits of soil moisture control:50%, 60% and 70% of field water-holding capacity, respectively. The root system, growth index, water consumption, yields and water use of winter wheat-summer maize were studied. The results showed that with the increases of water deficit, the growth index, biomass, water consumption and yield of winter wheat and summer maize decreased. With the increases of soil bulk densities, the biomass and yield of winter wheat increased first and then decreased, and the water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat decreased; the yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of summer maize decreased. In the experiment, 1.4 g/cm³ and 1.2 g/cm³ were the optimum soil bulk densities for winter wheat and summer maize, respectively. The interaction between soil bulk density and water treatment had a significant effect on plant height, water consumption and water use efficiency of summer maize, but there was no significant effect on biomass and yield of winter wheat and summer maize. These results could provide a theoretical reference for increasing yield and increasing efficiency of crops and efficient utilization of soil and water resources in Huanghuai area.