Spatial variability of stoichiometric characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and its influence factors were systematically analyzed through classical statistics analysis and geostatistics analysis methods in Rapeseed Planting areas of Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the averaged values of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus(TP) contents were 16.99 g/kg, 1.44 g/kg and 0.50 g/kg respectively, and soil C:N, C:P, and N:P were 12.28, 38.31 and 3.27 respectively. The ecological stoichiometric ratios were 33.86:2.88:1, and the ratios were at a relatively low level, indicating that there existed variation coefficients and spatial variability with a moderate degree, which also suggested the spatial variability of soil C:N, C:P and N:P were determined by the co-effects of structural and random factors in Jiangxi Province, and the structural factors played a more important role. From the characteristics of spatial distribution, SOC, TN, and TP content trend to be high in northeast and low in southwest. The high-value region of soil C:N mainly distributed in the north of Jiangxi Province and the distribution area was small, while the low-value region was mainly distributed in West Jiangxi, Northwest Jiangxi, Southwest Jiangxi and East Jiangxi. Soil C:P and N:P had the same spatial distribution characteristics as well, the high-value region was located on Southwest Jiangxi and Northeastern Jiangxi sporadically; The low-value region was mainly distributed in Northwest Jiangxi and South Jiangxi. Regression analysis showed that soil parent materials, soil types, topography, climate condition and cropping system had very significant impacts on soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios (P<0.01). The soil parent materials were able to explain 16.6%, 3.7% and 7.0% of soil C:N, C:P and N:P spatial variability, respectively. The topography factors could explain 3.5%, 2.9% and 4.2% of the spatial variability, respectively. The explanatory power of cropping system were 9.7%, 4.4%, and 7.6%. The annual fertilizer Nitrogen application explained 3.9%, 4.4% and 7.6% of soil C:N, C:P and N:P spatial variability, respectively. However, The explanatory power of soil types and climate condition were 16.8%, 5.1%, 9.0% and 13.4%, 9.8%, 15.2%, respectively, which suggested that soil types and climate condition were the dominant factors in controlling the spatial variability of soil C:N, C:P and N:P.