Subsoiling and straw mulching are widely used in mechanized agriculture. The research objective was to identify the characteristics of soil and nutrients loss under subsoiling and straw mulching in purple soil slope cropland. Nine experimental treatments, which included the conventional flat cultivation, ridge cultivation, subsoiling, full straw mulching and pulverized straw mulching, were conducted in runoff plots. The yield, surface runoff, subsurface flow, and nutrients contents were measured in the two-year trial. The research results are shown in follow:(1) Compared with flat planting, subsoiling significantly increased the subsurface flow and nitrogen concentration in the flow, increased total runoff by 39.6%, and increased the nitrogen loss in runoff by 85%, and the maize yields were decreased. (2) Straw mulching decreased surface runoff, increased subsurface flow and nitrogen concentration in the flow, increased the total runoff by 6.4%. Increased the total nitrogen loss by 9.4% and had no significant effect on maize yield. (3) The nitrogen concentration in surface runoff was 43.2% in pulverized straw mulching treatments, less than the full straw mulching treatments. There were no significant differences in the surface runoff, subsurface flow and nitrogen concentrations in the flow between the two straw mulching treatments. (4) Subsoilling+ridge treatment had the highest nutrient loss, but the lowest yield in all the treatments. So this tillage method was not applicable in the purples soil of slope cropland. The findings in this were useful for assessing the feasibility about subsoiling and straw mulching in purple soil slope cropland.