Winter cover crop effects on soil microbe and biochemical properties.This study examined microbe and its relation to soil fertility in paddy soil in southern China.The main results shows: the use of cover crop such as Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass had higher amount of aerobic bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes than fallow treatments before paddy soil tillage in the second year.The amount of soil aerobic bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes ascended at the early stage and then declined during rice growth,but ascended slightly again at early rice maturity.The difference of amount of aerobic bacteria was significant,respectively enhancing 94.29% and 25.71%.The former-stubble crop treatments were higher amount of microbe than winter fallow stubble during early rice growth.Soil microbial activity ascened at satge of rice growth and declined at later rice maturity.The positive correlation between soil microbial activity and soil organic carbon was significant(r2=0.887,P<0.05)There was a positive correlation between soil aerobic bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and soil biochemical.