A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of aerobically mulch treated rice(R) cultivation on post-cultivated barely(B) growth and soil nitrogen dynamics.The aerobic treatments included plastic film mulching(FM),rice straw mulching(GC) and no mulch(LL),and the control treatment was the rice grown in waterlogged soil(SZ).The results showed that soil nitrate contents in GCB were higher than any other treatment,while soil ammonium contents order was determined as follows: SZB > GCB > FMB > LLB.In addition,both soil nitrate and ammonium contents gradually decreased up to 80 cm in soil profile.After barely harvest,residual soil nitrogen was maximum in SZB,GCB and LLB,and it was 40.5%,39.5% and 36.1% higher than FMB,respectively.Treatment GCB produced the highest barely grain yield,which was 837 kg/hm~2 and 251 kg/hm~2 more than SZB and LLB,respectively.In GCB,maximum nitrogen uptake left after barley harvest.Nitrogen use efficiency of FMB,GCB and LLB was 16.1%,17.5% and 13.8% higher than SZB,respectively.Rice cultivation with straw mulching under aerobic condition has a pronounced effect on post-cultivated barely growth and this treatment can be used under water deficient area to grow rice.