The exploitation of water and soil resources is always the core problem of oases agriculture development.This paper studied and analysed the succession process of soil characteristic along the latitude in the Manas river.The result showed that from mountain region to the desert,the soil nutrient is shown from high to low,among them the obvious downward trend appears in the organic content.At the same time,the salt in the layer of soil has experienced from low to high then to low.In the alluviation fan and the top of alluvial plain,the soil salt form gathering is strong,that is to say,the content of salt relatively high in the layer of soil,but reduced in the bottom of soil.At the bottom of valley,the salt content increase from upper and bottom of soil,especially at the desert edge,this kind of trend is more obvious.Differentiation of soil characteristic was exited in mountain-basin system,and agriculture development should follow this rule.At last,the direction on the reasonable exploration and efficiency utilization of water and soil were put forward.