Based on the latest data of remote sensing on sandy desertification land in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin, we analyzed the area, types, distribution, and degree and discussed the main factors of sandy desertification land in the study area. In the end, we put forward some measures to combat sandy desertification land in the Heihe River Basin. The area of sandy desertification land in the basin was 13 508.4 km~2, which mainly distributed in the Ejin Oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. There were 4 types of sandy desertification land in the study area with the major type being the sandy gravel land; the serious, higher, middle and lower degree of sandy desertification land accounted for 73.2%, 16.8%, 9.8% and 0.2%, respectively. The origination and development of sandy desertification in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin were resulted from the comprehensive effects and processes of natural and human, especially the misuse of water resources, which the human factors played an important role in the development of sandy desertification.