In this study, Kenli District and Wudi County, representative regions of the Yellow River Delta, were selected to classify the soil surface water and salt data obtained from field survey and indoor analysis according to seasons, vegetation types and the distance from Bohai Sea. Classical statistical analysis, coupling degree model, buffer zone analysis, origin three-dimensional relationship analysis and other methods were used. The spatial-temporal characteristics of water and salt in soil surface (0-15 cm) and its coupling relationship were analyzed. The results showed that the soil water and salt content was higher in the study area, and the salt content was mainly moderate salinization. The water and salt contents of soil surface in Kenli District was higher than those of Wudi. The order of soil water contents in different seasons was summer>spring>autumn>winter, and the order of soil salt contents was spring>autumn>winter>summer. The relationship of coupling degree was spring>autumn>winter>summer. The order of soil water contents of different vegetation types was waste grassland>bare land>cultivated land>forest land, the order of soil salt contents was bare land>waste grassland>cultivated land>forest land, and the order of coupling degree was bare land>waste grassland>cultivated land>forest land. From offshore to inland, soil surface water content, salt content and coupling degree of water and salt in the study area gradually decreased. The changing trend in Wudi County was gentle, while the salt content in Kenli District increased from 40 to 50 km to the sea, and the water content increased significantly from 30 to 40 km to the sea, and the coupling degree of surface water and salt also increased. These results provide a theoretical basis for the rational planning and utilization of soil resources in the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta.