This paper aims to investigate the effect of different sections of unstable slope on soil anti-erodibility and deepen the understanding of the action mechanism of landslide on slope soil structure. Totally five sample plots (including Dadi shady slope, Xiaojianfeng sunny slope, Duozhao gully sunny slope, Chajing gully sunny slope and Daaozi gully shady slope) in three climate regions (including temperate humid mountain ridge region, subtropical and warm temperate sub-humid region, subtropical dry-hot valley region) were selected as a research area in the Jiangjia gully watershed, Dongchuan district, Kunming, Yunnan Province. We analyzed the physical and chemical properties of soil samples and used principal component analysis (PCA) to study the soil erosion resistance of unstable slopes in the study plots. The results showed that:(1) The soil water-holding capacity, porosity structure, organicmatter content, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, the proportion of particle size ≥ 0.25 mm, mean weight diameter of soil aggregate in the stable area were significantly larger than those in the accumulation area. The above indicators showed the trend of stable area> unstable area>accumulation area, while the soil bulk density, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and the proportion of particle size<0.25 mm in the stable area were significantly smaller than those in the accumulation area. (2) The comprehensive index of soil anti-erodibility (F) of the 5 sample plots ranged as:stable area (2.401)>unstable area (0.017)>accumulation area (-2.417), and the difference among 3 slope sections was significant (p<0.05). The indexes of soil anti-scourability followed the rule as stable area (45.873 L/(s·g))>unstable area (33.245 L/(s·g))>accumulation area (15.723 L/(s·g)). There were significant differences between the stable zone and theaccumulation zone (p<0.05). There was a significantly positive relationship between the comprehensive index of soil anti-erodibility and the indexes of soil anti-scourability. (3) The soil water-holding capacity, porosity, organic matter content, nitrogen and potassium content, the proportion of particle size ≥ 0.25 mm and mean weight diameter in the study area were significantly positively correlated with the comprehensive scores of soil anti-erodibility, while the soil bulk density, available phosphorus content, and particle size <0.25mm were significantly negatively correlated with the comprehensive scores of soil anti-erodibility. This study clarifies the corresponding mechanism of soil erosion resistance in debris flow basin on landslide induced unstable slope, promotes the understanding of the impact of disasters on soil structure, and has reference value for comprehensive measures to improve soil erosion resistance on unstable slope.