In order to further understand the weathering and pedogenesis effects of biocrusts, we conducted this study to explore the effects of biocrusts development on base cations release and mineral weathering of aeolian sandy soil. The biocrusts developed on aeolian sandy soil were selected as research subjects, and the simulated leaching experiments were carried out to compare the release regularity of soil base cations under different biocrusts (cyano crust, mixed crust, and moss crust) covering. The variation amount of base cations in leachate with different pH values of leaching solution were explored. We also quantified the weathering rate of soil minerals under biocrusts covering. The results showed that:the leaching amount of base cations in the stage of mineral weathering reaction remained relatively stable. The total amount of different base cations in the leachate of biocrusted soil were Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺. The total amount of base cations in cyano crusted soil leachate was the highest. Compared with bare soil, mixed crust, and moss crust, the total amount of base ions in the leachate of cyano crusted soil increased by 112.0%, 31.2% and 27.1%, respectively. Additionally, the pH value of the leaching solution significantly affected the leaching of base cations, and its effect varied with the types of cations and biocrusts. According to the mineral weathering characteristics indicated by the release of base cations, biocrusts covering could increase the content, weathering degree and rate of easily weathered minerals in the soil. Compared with bare soil, the weathering rate of soil covered with cyano crust, mixed crust, and moss crust increased by 61.2%, 27.1% and 152.6%, respectively, and the weathering rate increased with the decrease of leaching solution pH value. All the above findings showed that biocrusts covering can significantly promote the mineral weathering process of aeolian sandy soil, which is of positive significance to the improvement and restoration of aeolian sandy soil.