Abstract:High fixation and low shifting ability of phosphorus in calcareous soil often caused low use efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in North China. This study examined the effect of different kinds of phosphorus fertilizer on maize growth and soil inorganic fractions in order to improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer. Pot experiment was carried out with 6 treatments of monammonium phosphate (MAP), superphosphate (SSP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), nitrophosphate (NiP) and ammonia sulfate+superphosphate (SA+P). The biological characteristics and phosphorus uptake of maize were measured after 60 days, soil available phosphorus contents and inorganic fractions were measured as well. The results showed that biological performance, phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus use efficiency of maize performed as the trend of APP>MAP, NiP>SSP, SA+P>CK; APP, MAP and NiP significantly increased maize height, leaf area, ground and root biomass compared with the control (CK) by 23.3~35.1 cm, 57.1~89.0 cm2, 265%~420% and 171%~218%, respectively. Maize in APP treatment accumulated P 49.02 mg/pot in total with 36.75% of phosphorus recovery efficiency, which significantly different from 21.43% of NiP and 19.42% of MAP. Ca2—P、Ca8—P and Fe—P contents significantly increased in APP and MAP treatments compared with the control, which had significant relationships with plant uptake (p<0.001). APP is a kind of suitable phosphorus fertilizer for maize in calcareous soils, which is important for securing food safety and achieving high phosphorus use efficiency under background of reducing phosphorus fertilizer input in farmland.