Evaluation the influence of hydropower station construction on landscape pattern and habitat quality was of great significance to improve local ecological environment quality and reduce soil erosion. Taking the surrounding area of Laxiwa Hydropower Station as the research area, based on the land use and DEM data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, the temporal and spatial evolution law of landscape pattern index in each period of hydropower station construction was analyzed by the moving window method, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of habitat quality were studied by combining with invest model, so as to explore the impact of hydropower station construction on the regional landscape pattern and habitat quality of surrounding areas. On this basis, the spatial autocorrelation method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal clustering degree of habitat quality, and the influence of hydropower station construction on the spatial and temporal clustering degree of habitat quality in surrounding areas in plateau area was discussed. The results showed that:(1) In the middle period of hydropower station construction from 2005 to 2010, the spatial distribution of landscape pattern index changed significantly, while that in the early period of hydropower station construction from 2000 to 2005 and the late period of hydropower station construction from 2010 to 2015 remained almost the same. (2) The habitat quality of the study area was mainly between 0.3 and 0.7, during the middle period of hydropower station construction from 2005 to 2010, the proportion of the area with medium habitat quality increased from 35.15% to 45.26%, and the proportion of the area with good habitat quality increased from 48.23% to 40.28%. (3) Habitat qualities of Moran's I in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were all positive, showing non randomness in space. The "high-high" spatial aggregation was mainly river and bare land area, and the "low-low" spatial aggregation was mainly sparse grass and construction land area. From 2005 to 2010, the "insignificant" spatial aggregation turned to "low-low" spatial aggregation in the northwest of the hydropower station location.