Abstract:Soil and water loss has become one of the main ecological environmental problems in China. The observation data of natural rainfall, runoff and sediment in the Jiangzi River minor watershed from 2012 to 2019 were used to explore the influence of rainfall types on slope sediment yield and runoff under different crop measures. Random forest algorithm was used to obtain the relationships among rainfall factors, runoff and sediment yield. The results showed that the changes of runoff and soil loss were consistent with the rainfall. The runoff and soil loss under sweet potato were larger, and tea gave the smallest. The rainfall could be classified into three types:Type A was rainfall with low frequency, long duration, heavy rainfall and higher rainfall intensity, Type B with high frequency, short duration, small rainfall and low rainfall intensity, and Type C with lower frequency, longer duration, moderate rainfall, high rainfall intensity. The degree of influence on runoff and sediment yield was type A>type C>type B. Precipitation had the highest degree of influence on runoff. The soil loss was affected by PI, PI60, P and I30, and I60 had a low degree of impact on runoff and sediment production, less than 11%. The runoff depth of each crop measure had a significant and linear correlation with soil loss, and the growth rate of soil loss was sweet potato>mulberry>tea>chestnut>soybean>oil tea. These results provided important theoretical basis for the establishment of slope erosion prediction model, and were of important theoretical value and practical significance for the soil and water conservation work and the construction of ecological civilization in the western Dabie mountains area of Anhui Province.