近59年来贵州省不同地貌类型的降水变化特征
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莫跃爽(1995-),女,贵州平塘人,硕士研究生,主要从事岩溶水资源与GIS方向研究。E-mail:1689757556@qq.com

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P426.6

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贵州省国内一流学科建设项目"贵州师范大学地理学"(黔教科研发[2017]85号)黔科合计省合[2012]7005号;贵州省水利厅科技专项(KT201602)


Variation Characteristics of Precipitation in Different Geomorphic Types in Guizhou Province in the Recent 59 Years
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    摘要:

    为了解和分析贵州省气候变化的特征,以期为当地的生态旅游发展规划、环境保护和灾害防治提供参考,根据1960—2018年贵州省17个气象站的月降水数据,运用线性倾向估计法、滑动平均法及反距离权重插值的方法,对贵州省59年不同地貌类型降水的时空变化进行研究,并采用有序聚类法和Mann—Kendall法对降水量进行突变性检验。结果表明:贵州省59年降水趋势系数为-0.102,表明全省降水量总体呈下降趋势。岩溶峡谷和非喀斯特区的年均降水量虽递增,但增加的趋势并不显著。其他4个地貌区(岩溶槽谷、峰丛洼地、岩溶高原和岩溶盆地)的年降水量均呈下降趋势,其中下降趋势最显著的是岩溶盆地,其递减速率为-37.57 mm/10 a,是其他3个地区的1.37~2.25倍。全年降水倾向率为-16.50 mm/10 a,降水倾向率在空间上呈现由东北向西南逐渐减小的趋势。全省秋季、冬季的降水量呈波动上升,而春季、夏季的降水量呈下降趋势,年降水日数和最大日降水量均呈递减趋势,在20世纪80年代以后,平均最大日降水量下降至60年代的1/10左右。此外,非喀斯特区和岩溶高原年均降水量在1985—1986年左右发生突变,岩溶峡谷、岩溶槽谷、峰丛洼地的年平均降水量无突变现象,岩溶盆地约在2001年发生突变。

    Abstract:

    Analyzing the temporal and spatial trends of climate change in Guizhou Province is of great significance for planning ecotourism development, environmental protection and disaster prevention in the region. Based on the monthly precipitation data from 17 sites in Guizhou Province during 1960 to 2018, methods of linear regression,moving average, ordered clustering, Mann—Kendall mutation test, and inverse distance weight interpolation were applied to analyze spatial and temporal characteristic of precipitation in Guizhou. The study showed that: In the past 59 years, Guizhou had a downward trend in precipitation, with a precipitation coefficient of -0.102. Although the annual precipitation in Karst valleys and non-karst areas was increasing, the trend was not significant. While other areas (karst troughs, peak-cluster depressions, Karst Plateau, and karst basins) showed all downtrend of precipitation, and the karst basin’s deceleration rate was -37.57 mm/10 a, which downtrend was the most significant, and it was 1.37~2.25 times of the other three regions. The annual precipitation descended at a rate of -16.50 mm/10 a, and annual precipitation tended to decrease from northeast to southwest in the space. The increase of precipitation in autumn and winter contributed the most to annual precipitation, while in spring and summer the precipitation showed a downtrend. Meanwhile the annual precipitation days and the maximum daily precipitation also showed a decreasing trend, the latter trend was most obvious after the 1980s so that the average maximum daily precipitation decreased to about 1/10 of that in the 1960s. In addition, the annual precipitation in non-karst areas and Karst Plateau changed abruptly from 1985 to 1986, and in karst basins the annual precipitation had a change in 2001 abruptly. There was no abrupt change in the annual precipitation in Karst troughs and peak-cluster depressions and Karst valleys.

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莫跃爽, 索惠英, 赵宗权, 焦树林, 张洁, 赵梦, 刘炜, 李银久.近59年来贵州省不同地貌类型的降水变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2020,34(6):46~52

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-11-26
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