Surface soil water content can sensitively reflect the changes of rainfall, temperature, erosion and other environmental factors. It can provide reference for agricultural production and evaluation of soil environmental effect to clarify the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of surface soil water content. In this study, the surface soil water content of 0-5 cm soil was continuously monitored from November 2016 to April 2018 on the eroded slopes with different soil organic carbon levels in the loess hilly region. And based on the precipitation data, the variation characteristics of surface soil water content in the sedimentary area, erosion area and control area of erosion slope with different soil organic carbon levels were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The variation of surface soil water content was significant among different seasons, with the largest variation in summer. The maximum daily variation was 14.3% in summer, and the maximum daily variations in spring, autumn and winter were all less than 8.0%. In other words, summer was the sensitive period of soil water change.(2) The influence of soil organic carbon level, slope area and soil temperature on the variation of surface soil water content varied with seasons. (3) Soil erosion intensified the variation of surface soil water content on the slope, and the variation degree followed the order: sedimentary area > erosion area > control (non-erosion) area. With the increasing of soil organic carbon level, the difference of variation of surface soil water content before and after erosion in erosion area and that in sedimentary area increased from 0.85% to 9.81%.(4) The spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the surface soil water content on eroded slope showed a non-linear trend with the increasing of soil organic carbon level.