The soil moisture of ephemeral gully in Hegou watershed at Wuqi county in Loess Area of Northern Shaanxi was taking as the research object. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in different ephemeral gullies with different depths, different slope aspects and different slope positions were studied. The results showed that:(1) According to the relationship between ephemeral gully and the growth of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. on the original slope, the ephemeral gully was divided into deep ephemeral gully (40 cm ≤ depth) and shallow ephemeral gully (20 cm ≤ depth <40 cm). (2) The soil moisture of the ephemeral gully was higher than that of the original slope; the soil moisture of the ephemeral gully was concentrated in the 0-60 cm soil layer, while that of the original slope was concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer. (3) The soil moisture variation degree was differeat in the different soil layers in ephemeral gully. The soil moisture variability of sunny slope was smaller than that of shady slope. In 20-60 cm soil layer, the soil moisture variability coefficient was larger, soil moisture was more active, and the soil moistures in other soil layers were less variable and more stable. (4) There were significant differences in soil moisture among ephemeral gullies with different slope positions, different slope aspects and different depths. In shallow ephemeral gully, soil moisture followed the order of lower slope > upper slope > middle slope, while in deep ephemeral gully, the order was upper slope > lower slope > mid slope. In ephemeral gully, soil moistures in the middle and lower position of the shady slope were significantly higher than that of sunny slope, and the soil moisture on the upper position of sunny slope was higher than that of shady slope. The soil moisture of the original shady slope was significantly higher than that of sunny slope.