湘中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地水土保持措施效益的试验研究
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S157.1

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Experimental Study on Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Purple Sloping Farmland of the Hilly Area in Central Hunan
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    摘要:

    以衡南县为试验区,设置同一坡度和同一农业种植方式的径流小区,进行了不同水土保持措施的控制试验,通过对全年无遗漏降雨场次的径流及泥沙观测,研究了坡耕地土壤侵蚀模数和水土保持措施的水土流失控制效益。结果表明:(1)2016年全年产流降雨19场,降雨量1 145 mm,属于正常降雨年。(2)没有任何防护措施的裸坡地土壤侵蚀模数4 450.57 t/(km2?a),达到了中度侵蚀;(3)农耕地与裸坡地相比均具有保土保水效果,但是不同水土保持措施对减少地表径流、降低产沙量有显著差异,保水效果(地表径流量年减少比例)从大到小依次为石坎梯田(85.07%)>坡式梯田(81.50%)>土坎梯田(64.57%)>植物篱(57.96%)>顺坡耕作(37.49%);保土效果(产沙量年减少比例)依次为石坎梯田(98.74%)>坡式梯田(98.66%)>土坎梯田(97.39%)>植物篱(86.16%)>顺坡耕作(61.98%),石坎梯田和坡式梯田始终可以发挥较好的保水保土作用。准确观测了土壤侵蚀背景值,定量评价了坡耕地主要水土保持措施效益。

    Abstract:

    Selecting Hengnan County as the experimental area, runoff plots with the same slope and the same cropping pattern were set up, and the control experiments of different soil and water conservation measures were carried out. We studied the soil erosion modulus of sloping farmland and the benefits of soil and water conservation measures through observing and analyzing the annual rainfall runoff and sediment. The results showed that:(1) In 2016, 19 rainfalls with runoff were observed, and the rainfall was 1 145 mm, which was belonged to normal rainfall year; (2) The soil erosion modulus of bare slope without any protective measures was 4 450.57 t/(km2?a), reaching moderate erosion; (3) Compared with the bare slope, farmland had the effect of soil and water conservation, and different measures had significant difference in reducing runoff and sediment yield. Water conservation effect (decrease ratio of annual surface runoff) from large to small listed in the order of stone dike terraces (85.07%)>slope terraces (81.50%)>earth dike terraces (64.57%)>hedgerow (57.96%)>slope farming (37.49%). Soil conservation effect (decrease ratio of annual sediment yield) followed the order of stone dike terrace (98.74%)>slope terrace (98.66%)>earth dike terrace (97.39%)>hedgerow (86.16%)>slope farming (61.98%). Stone dike terrace and slope terrace showed better effect in soil and water conservation. In this study, the background value of soil erosion was observed accurately, and the benefits of the main soil and water conservation measures were evaluated quantitatively.

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周 洋, 姜 敏, 李梦雨, 王军光, 胡玉法, 蒲勇平, 刘 涌.湘中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地水土保持措施效益的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,(6):134~138

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-12-20
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