生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响
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S157.3+9;S156.2

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Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Cucumber Yield
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    摘要:

    分析生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响,为生物质炭在农业中的推广应用提供一些科学依据,以如皋市农业科学研究所大棚示范区为试验基地,通过田间小区试验,研究了不同生物质炭施用量(0,5,10,20,30,40 t/hm2)条件下土壤理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量变化。结果表明:生物质炭施用对土壤理化性状及土壤酶活性有显著的影响。高施用量(40 t/hm2)处理对土壤物理性状的改良效果最好,当生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2时对土壤养分含量提升效果最好。与对照相比,施用生物质炭各处理土壤容重降幅为0.88%~10.52%,而土壤孔隙度、饱和含水量、田间持水量、饱和导水率、有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷含量的增幅分别为3.68%~7.53%,27.96%~119.25%,30.73~55.05%,1.89%~224.61%,10.39%~54.56%,6.06%~22.58%,2.33%~45.63%,235.71%~414.29%和19.37%~77.76%。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性及黄瓜产量随着生物质炭施用量的增加均呈先增加后降低的趋势,两种酶的活性分别在生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2和20 t/hm2时最大,较对照分别提高了104.57%和15.38%;生物质炭施用量为30 t/hm2时对黄瓜增产效果最好,该处理下黄瓜产量较对照提高了21.80%。主成分分析结果表明,不同生物质炭施用量处理下的土壤质量次序为C4>C5>C3>C2>C1>CK。在土壤中施用生物质炭不仅可以促进黄瓜增产,改善土壤理化性状,提高土壤养分含量,还可以改良土壤生物学性质,提升土壤酶活性。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the effects of biochar application on the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and cucumber yield, and find a scientific basis for the popularization and application of biochar in agriculture, field experiments were conducted in greenhouse demonstration area, Rugao Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu province. Biochar was incorporated into the soil at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/hm2, respectively. The results showed that biochar application had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. The optimal rates of biochar application were 40 t/hm2 and 30 t/hm2 for improving the soil physicochemical properties and soil nutrient content, respectively. Biochar application reduced the soil bulk density by 0.88% to 10.52%, while increased the soil porosity, saturated water content, field water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen content, and available phosphorus by 3.68% to 7.53%, 27.96% to 119.25%, 30.73% to 55.05%, 1.89% to 224.61%, 10.39% to 54.56%, 6.06% to 22.58%, 2.33% to 45.63%, 235.71% to 414.29% and 19.37% to 77.76%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The activities of soil urease and catalase and the cucumber yield increased at first and then decreased with the biochar application increasing. The activities of soil urease and catalase were the highest when the biochar application amount were 30 t/hm2 and 20 t/hm2, respectively, and they were increased by 104.57% and 15.38% compared with the control, respectively. The cucumber yield increased dramatically by 21.80% compared with the control treatment when the application rate of biochar was 30 t/hm2. The principal component analysis showed that the soil quality with different biochar application rates decreased in the order of C4>C5>C3>C2>C1>CK. The applying biochar in soil could not only increase cucumber yield, and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and the soil nutrient content, but also improve the biological properties (such as: soil enzyme activities).

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韩召强, 陈效民, 曲成闯, 张晓玲, 黄春燕, 刘云梅, 成艳红.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,(6):272~278

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-12-20
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