晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻根系、叶片生长及产量的影响
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S143.1;S511

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Effect of Paddy Field Drainage and Panicle Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Rice Root System, Leaf Growth and Yield with Different Nitrogen Efficiency
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    摘要:

    为研究晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻生育中后期根系、叶片生长与产量形成的关系,以德香4103(氮高效品种)和宜香3724(氮低效品种)为材料,设置3种晒田强度:W1,0—20 cm土壤体积含水量为(53.60±5.00)%;W2,0—20 cm土壤体积含水量为(40.20±5.00)%;W3,0—20 cm土壤体积含水量为(26.80±5.00)%和3种穗期氮素运筹:N1,晒田复水后第1天施用穗肥;N2,晒田复水后第8天施用穗肥;N3,晒田复水后第15天施用穗肥。测定水稻抽穗期和齐穗后15天的根系形态特征、根系干重、叶面积指数、剑叶光合速率、叶片干重、产量及产量构成。结果表明:(1)德香4103稻谷产量比宜香3724平均高11.57%。(2)两类品种的产量均与抽穗期LAI和叶片干重呈显著正相关,其中德香4103产量与抽穗期和齐穗后15天单株根重、根长和根表面积呈显著正相关,宜香3724产量与抽穗期和齐穗后15天的单株根重呈显著正相关。(3)德香4103氮素农学利用率与抽穗期单株根重和单株根表面积、齐穗后15天单株根长呈显著正相关,宜香3724氮素农学利用率与抽穗期单株根长、齐穗后15天单株根重呈显著正相关。(4)W1和W2处理中,氮高效品种和氮低效品种抽穗期总根长和根表面积无显著差异,氮高效品种齐穗后15天的总根长小于氮低效品种;W3处理中,抽穗期氮低效品种单株总根长和单株根表面积大于氮高效品种,氮高效品种和氮低效品种齐穗后15天总根长和根表面积无显著差异。(5)氮低效品种成熟期的叶片干重和LAI均高于氮高效品种,抽穗期至成熟期氮高效品种的叶面积衰减率大于氮低效品种。(6)氮高效品种德香4103采用W1N3处理,能增加抽穗至成熟期总根长,降低叶面积衰减速率,提高抽穗后叶片光合速率,提高稻谷产量;而氮低效品种宜香3724以W2N2为最佳处理。综上所述,晒田程度和穗期氮素运筹能够显著影响不同氮效率水稻品种生育中后期的根系和叶片特征。通过优化晒田程度和穗期氮素运筹组合,为两类品种构建合理的根系指标和叶片体系,促进根系对氮素养分的吸收,提高灌浆结实期叶片物质生产和转运能力,最终提高稻谷产量。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the relationship between the root and leaf growth and yield formation of different nitrogen efficiency rice under different combinations of field drainages and panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements, three field drainage degrees (W1, W2, W3) were set, in which the soil moisture content of 0—20 cm were (53.60±5)%, (40.20±5.00)% and (26.80±5.00)%, respectively, meanwhile three panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements (N1, N2 and N3) were conducted, which mean that applying panicle fertilizer in the first day, the eighth day and the 15th day after the field were rehydrated, respectively. The effects of field drainage and panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements on root morphological characteristics, root dry weight, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, leaf dry weight, yield and its components of rice were investigated with Dexiang 4103 (nitrogen efficient variety) and Yixiang3724 (nitrogen inefficient variety). The results showed that: (1)The mean yield of Dexiang4103 was 11.57% higher than that of Yixiang3724; (2)The yield of these two varieties had significant positive correlation with the dry weight and LAI of leaf at heading stage, and the yield of Dexiang4103 had significant positive correlation with root dry weight, total root length and root surface area per plant at heading stage and the 15 days after full heading, and the yield of Yixiang3724 only had significant positive correlation with root dry weight per plant at the same stages; (3)Agronomic nitrogen efficiency of Dexiang4103 was significantly positively correlated with root dry weight and root surface area per plant at heading stage, and root length per plant on the 15 days after full heading, the same parameter of Yixiang3724 had significant positive correlation with root length per plant at heading stage, and root dry weight per plant on the 15 days after full heading; (4) In the treatment of W1 and W2, there was no significant difference in total root length and root surface area per plant between nitrogen efficient variety and nitrogen inefficient variety at the heading stage; the total root length of nitrogen efficient variety was significantly less than that of nitrogen inefficient variety on the 15 days after full heading; in the treatment of W3 , the total root length and the root surface area per plant of nitrogen inefficient variety were both greater than those of nitrogen efficient variety at heading stage; and there was no significant difference in total root length and root surface area per plant between these two varieties on the 15 days after heading; (5) At maturity, dry weight and LAI of leaf of nitrogen inefficient variety were both higher than those of nitrogen efficient variety, on the contrary, the leaf area attenuation rate of it was much lower than that of nitrogen efficient variety during heading to maturity stage; (6) Applying with the treatment of W1N3 on Dexiang4103, the leaf area attenuation rate was reduced, and the total root length from heading to maturity, leaf photosynthetic rate and yield were all increased; while applying with the treatment of W2N2 on Yixiang3724 could get the same effect. In summary, the effects of paddy field drainages and panicle nitrogen fertilizer management on the root and leaf characteristics were very obvious during middle to latter growth period for different nitrogen efficiency rice. By optimizing paddy field drainage degree combining with applying the panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements for these two varieties, and constructing reasonable root index and leaf system, we could promote the nitrogen absorption of root, and improve the material production and transport capacity of leaf during the filling stage, and finally improve yield.

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朱从桦, 孙永健, 杨志远, 贾现文, 徐 徽, 马 均.晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻根系、叶片生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,(6):196~203

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-12-20
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