玉米—马铃薯间作根系特征及其与坡耕地红壤径流中养分流失的关系
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S157.1;S157.431;S151.9

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国家自然科学基金(41461059);云南省教育厅基金(2013Y467);科技创新创业行动基金(2016ZKX068)


Effects of Root System Characteristics and Its Relationship with Soil Nutrient Loss in Runoff under Maize and Potato Intercropping on Slop Land of Red Soil
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    摘要:

    农作物在生长过程中其根系对土壤的固持作用可以减轻坡耕地土壤的养分流失,测定农作物根系对径流中养分流失的影响可以从侧面评价不同作物的水土保持作用。选取云南主要农作物玉米、马铃薯为研究对象,测定了不同种植模式下作物生育期内坡耕地的产流次数、产流量、土壤侵蚀量、径流中养分流失量以及通过采用剪切箱,在农作物生育期对玉米、马铃薯单作与间作等3种种植模式下的作物根系特征进行了测定。结果表明,在常规管理条件下,与单作模式相比,间作模式具有明显减轻水土流失的作用。玉米马铃薯间作产流次数较马铃薯单作、玉米单作分别减少4次和2次;在开花期,玉米马铃薯间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理产流量分别减少了20.49%,27.15%;成熟期玉米马铃薯间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理土壤流失总量分别减少了49.67%,40.31%;在成熟期,玉米马铃薯间作处理径流携带总磷养分流失最少,较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理分别减少了78.06%,73.98%。成熟期玉米马铃薯间作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积与马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积达到显著水平(P<0.05),间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理根长分别增加了80.06%,73.54%。在全生育期,玉米马铃薯间作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积与径流中总氮养分流失量分别达到显著负相关和极显著负相关,说明间作种植模式下农作物根系较单作更发达,更有利于控制养分流失。

    Abstract:

    Effects of root system on soil fixation could reduce nutrient loss from the slope land. Assessment of root systems on soil nutrient loss in runoff under different cropping patterns could be used to evaluate different crops’ effect on soil and water conservation. This paper took the main crops, corn and potato, in Yunnan province as case study, the erosive events, runoff yield, soil loss, and nutrient loss in runoff during crop growth season under different cropping patterns as well as root characteristics of maize monoculture, potato monoculture and maize and potato intercropping were determined. Results showed that compared with monoculture, intercropping pattern could significantly decrease water and soil erosion under conventional management. The erosive events under maize-potato intercropping were 4 and 2 times less than those under potato monoculture and maize monoculture, respectively. In the flowering period, the runoff yield from intercropping reduced by 20.49% and 27.15%, compared with potato monoculture and maize monoculture, respectively. During mature period, intercropping reduced soil loss by 49.67% and 40.31% compared with potato and maize monocultures, respectively. Meanwhile, total phosphorusloss in runoff under intercropping pattern was smallest, which reduced by 78.06% and 73.98%, respectively compared with potato monoculture and maize monoculture. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in maize and potato intercropping and monocultures in terms of root length, root surface area and root volume during mature period. Compared with potato and maize monocultures, root length with intercropping increased by 80.06% and 73.54%, respectively. The root length, root surface area and root volume of intercropping negatively correlated with total nitrogen loss in runoff, which indicated that intercropping had better root system and thus better control on nutrient loss.

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杜 静, 范茂攀, 王自林, 马志鹏, 马宇航, 李永梅.玉米—马铃薯间作根系特征及其与坡耕地红壤径流中养分流失的关系[J].水土保持学报,2017,(1):55~60

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-03-02
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